Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) is a vital resource for individuals who face challenges with natural speech and writing. According to Lloyd, Fuller, and Arvidson (1997), AAC involves the supplementation or replacement of natural speech and/or writing with various symbols, strategies, and techniques. This comprehensive approach allows individuals to effectively communicate and engage with their environment.
Who Benefits from AAC?
AAC is designed for students with complex communication needs, including those who are:
- Physically involved but cognitively able: Individuals who have physical limitations but possess cognitive abilities that allow them to understand and process information.
- Multiply involved with unknown cognitive abilities: Those who have multiple disabilities, making it challenging to assess their cognitive abilities.
- Physically able but motor speech or language delayed: Individuals who can move and control their bodies but have delays in speech or language development.
- Pre-verbal or emergent verbal: Children or individuals who are in the early stages of developing verbal communication.
- On the autism spectrum: Individuals with autism who may struggle with traditional forms of communication.
- Developmentally delayed: Those who experience delays in developmental milestones, impacting their communication skills.
- Exhibiting behavior disorders related to an inability to communicate effectively: Individuals whose behavioral issues stem from frustration due to communication barriers.
- Severe speech sound production difficulties: Those who find it extremely challenging to produce clear speech sounds.
AAC is crucial for these individuals to access their curriculum and engage meaningfully in their educational environment.
Types of AAC
AAC systems are categorized based on their technological requirements, ranging from no-tech solutions to high-tech devices:
- No-Tech AAC:
- Definition: These systems do not require any power source.
- Examples: Sign language, picture boards, and communication books.
- Low-Tech AAC:
- Definition: These systems require a source of power and are often used to encourage early communication skills.
- Examples: Simple voice output devices and recorded speech buttons.
- Mid-Tech AAC:
- Definition: These systems require a source of power and offer a larger vocabulary than low-tech options.
- Examples: Devices with multiple recorded messages, like GoTalk or Tech/Speak.
- High-Tech AAC:
- Definition: These electronic devices allow for the storage and retrieval of complex messages.
- Examples: Speech-generating devices (SGDs), tablets with AAC apps, and dedicated communication devices like Dynavox or Tobii.
Conclusion
AAC provides essential support for individuals with complex communication needs, enabling them to express themselves and participate fully in their communities. By understanding the various types of AAC and their appropriate applications, we can better support those who rely on these systems to communicate effectively. Whether it’s a no-tech picture board or a high-tech speech-generating device, AAC offers a bridge to connection and understanding for individuals facing communication challenges.